Perspektiver på omsorgsovertakelser: En kvalitativ studie av foreldre og barnevernsarbeideres erfaringer med omsorgsovertakelsesprosesser med tilknyttede problemområder
Keywords:
barnevernet, omsorgsovertakelserSynopsis
Omsorgsovertakelser er et inngripende tiltak med store konsekvenser for familielivet. Avhandlingen tilslutter seg det samfunnsvitenskapelige forskningsfeltet og utforsker hvordan omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen kan erfares av foreldre og barnevernsarbeidere og hvilke problemområder som kan avspeiles i deres fortellinger.
For å besvare problemstillingen ble det innhentet empirisk kunnskap fra foreldre og barnevernsarbeidere gjennom semistrukturerte forskningsintervjuer. Avhandlingen er basert på empiri fra 12 barnevernsarbeidere og 13 foreldre som alle hadde erfaring fra formidlingsmøter. I dette treffpunktet gjøres foreldre kjent med barneverntjenestens beslutning om å fremme sak om omsorgsovertakelses til fylkesnemnda for barnevern og sosiale saker.
Avhandlingen består av tre artikkelstudier. Artikkel 1 utforsket hvordan foreldre opplevde å motta beskjeden om et omsorgsovertakelsesinitiativ, og hvordan det påvirket dem i formidlingsmøtet, samt i ventetiden frem mot fylkesnemndsbehandling. Artikkel 2 utforsket hvordan barnevernsarbeidere erfarte å formidle dårlig nytt om et omsorgsovertakelsesinitiativ til foreldre og hvordan de mestret oppgaven. Artikkel 3 studerte hvorvidt foreldre opplevde å bli posisjonert av barnevernsarbeiderne i omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen, om de reforhandlet slike posisjoner, og om de forstod sorgen som legitim eller illegitim i lys av foreldresvikten og samfunnets forventinger til foreldreskap.
Funnene fra artikkel 1 viste at foreldrene erfarte beskjeden om et omsorgsovertakelsesinitiativ som svært uventet, med potensiale for å utløse krise. Emosjonelle responser syntes videre å svekke foreldres evne til å motta informasjon i formidlingsmøtet og til å medvirke i omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen. I tillegg indikerer funnene at foreldre (og barna) kan ha stort behov for oppfølging både direkte i etterkant av formidlingsmøtet og i ventetiden før fylkesnemndsbehandling. Funn fra artikkel 2 synligjorde at barnevernsarbeiderne erfarte oppgaven med å formidle dårlig nytt som svært krevende, og at det utfordret deres personlige og profesjonelle kapasitet. I tillegg avdekket informantenes fortellinger at de kunne benytte mestringsstrategier som synes å gå på bekostning av foreldres juridiske rettigheter. Funn fra artikkel 3 viste at foreldrene erfarte avmakt i møte med barnevernsarbeidere som de opplevde posisjonerte dem i sviktende, skadelige og nærmest dehumaniserte foreldreposisjoner. Foreldrene forsøkte å reforhandle persiperte posisjoner, som kan fortolkes som en form for verdiggjøringsarbeid. Likevel synligjorde analysen at foreldre erfarte omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen som stigmatiserende, og at de forstod tapet av daglig omsorg som en illegitim sorg med manglende anerkjennelse i samfunnet for øvrig.
Sammenstilt avspeiler informantenes fortellinger flere problemområder tilknyttet omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen. Foreldres juridiske rettigheter synes truet, og funnene indikerer at barnevernsarbeidere kan streve med å håndtere kompleksiteten i omsorgsovertakelsesprosesser. I tillegg synes omsorgsovertakelsesprosessen å kunne medføre utilsiktet stigmatisering av foreldrene.
Avhandlingen bidrar til forskningsfeltet gjennom å frembringe sentral kunnskap om hvordan foreldre og barnevernsarbeideres kan erfare omsorgsovertakelsesprosesser, med særlig fokus på formidlingsmøtet. Videre kan avhandlingen gjennom å løfte frem tilknyttede problemområder i omsorgsovertakelsesprosesser og implikasjoner av disse ha betydning for videreutvikling av praksis–, utdannings– og forskningsfeltet.
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