Thomas Kuhn: “But I didn't say that!”
Keywords:
Thomas Kuhn, vitenskapsfilosofi, Annerledestenkerne, Per Arne Bjørkum, vitenskapshistorieSynopsis
Artikkelen kritiserer framstillingen av T. Kuhns vitenskapsloso i boka Annerledestenkerne (Universitetsforlaget 2009) av Per Arne Bjørkum. Jeg viser også at de vitenskapshistoriske og biograske opplysningene oftest er mytiske eller feilaktige, og ikke bygger på de mange studier av paradigmeskifter som er publisert etter Kuhns historiske vending. Dermed gir boka heller ikke historisk grunnlag for sin påstand om at forskere som kommer med noe genuint nytt, som regel utsettes for sterkt sosialt press og utstøtelse.
References
Abiko, S. 2005. Einstein and Quantum Theory. I M. M. Capria (utg.), Physics before and after Einstein. IOS Press.
Achinstein, P. 2004. (ed.) Science Rules. A Historical Introduction to Scienti c Methods. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Achinstein, P. 1991. Particles and Waves. Oxford University Press.
Allchin, D. 2003. Scienti c Myth-Conceptions. Science and Education, 87: 329-351.
https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.10055
Allchin, D. 2003. Lawson's shoehorn, or should philosophy of science be rated 'X'? Science and Education 12: s. 315-329.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024064409773
Allchin, D. 2004. Pseudohistory and Pseudoscience. Science and Education 13: s. 179-195.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SCED.0000025563.35883.e9
Allchin, D. 2005. William Harvey and Capillaries. The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 67, No. 1, Januar.
https://doi.org/10.1662/0002-7685(2005)067[0056:WHC]2.0.CO;2
Allchin, D. 2006. Why Respect for History - and Historical Error - Matters. Science and Education, 15: s. 91-111.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-005-8923-8
Appleyard, R. 1930. Pioneers of electrical communication : Georg Simon Ohm. European Engineering Department, ISEC.
Aristoteles. Metaphysics. Penguin Classics 1998.
Aristoteles. Metaphysics. R. B. Jones (ed.) 2012.
Aschim, G. 1996. Kuhns paradigmer på norsk. Kommentar, bladet Forskning nr 7.
Barber, B. 1961. Resistance by Scientists to Scienti c Discovery. Science Vol. 134.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.134.3479.596
Baurnfeind, von, C. M. 1882. Gedachtnisrede auf Georg Simon Ohm, der Physiker. Munchen 1882.
Beller, M. 1999. Quantum Dialogue. The University of Chicago Press.
Berg Eriksen, T. (red.) 1993. Vestens Tenkere 3. Aschehoug.
Berg Eriksen, T. (red.) 1993. Vestens Tenkere 2. Aschehoug. 48
Bjørkum, P. A. 2009. Annerledestenkerne. Universitetsforlaget. Kalt AT.
Butts, R. E. og Pitts, J. C. (ed.), 1978. New Perspectives on Galileo. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9799-8
Boerner, R. 2003. Suppression in Science. www:worldmysteries:com=scisupr:htm
Brad Wray, K. 2011. Kuhn's evolutionary social epistemology. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511997990
Brannigan, A. 1981. The social basis of scienti c discoveries. Cambridge University Press.
Brush, S. G. 2010. Theory and Experiment in the Quantum-Relativity revolution. Lecture at American Physical Society Meeting 14-02-2010.
Buttner, J. et .al. 2002. Galileo and the Shared Knowledge of his Time. Preprint 228. Max Planck Institut for the History of Science.
Caneva, K. L. 1978. From Galvanism to Electrodynamics: The Transformation of German Physics and Its Social Context. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 9: s. 63-159.
https://doi.org/10.2307/27757377
Catholic Encyclopedia, The : Joseph von Fraunhofer. http :==www:catholic:org=encyclopedia=
Chalmers, A.F. 1999. What is this thing called science. 3. utgave. Open University Press.
Chang, H. 2010. The Hidden History of Phlogiston. International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, 16, No. 2.
Cohen, I. B. 1985. Revolution in science. Harvard University Press.
Crombie, A. C. 1953. Robert Grosseteste and the origions of experimental science 1100-1700. Oxford. Clarendon press. Nytt opplag 1970.
Darrigol, O. 2000. Electrodynamics from Ampere to Einstein. Oxford University Press.
Darrigol, O. 2000. The historians' disagrements over the meaning of Planck's quantum. Preprint 150. Max-Planck-institute for the history of science.
Darwin Correspondence Project Database. http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwins-letters. Se spesielt The correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 7: 1858 - 1859.
Dictionary of scienti c biography. 1981. C. C. Gillispie (ed.) Ohm, Georg Simon; Bind XII, s. 186.
Dongen, J. v. 2005. Reactionaries and Einstein's Fame: German Scientists for the Preservation of Pure Science, Relativity, and the Bad Nauheim Meeting. Einstein Papers Project, California Institute of Technology, Institute for History and Foundations of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Einstein, A. 1905. 'Uber eine die Erzeigung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. Ann. d. Phys., 17: s. 132-148.
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19053220607
Einstein, A. 1906. Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption. Ann. d. Phys., 20 (4), s. 199-206.
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19063250613
Elkana, Y. og Good eld, J. 1968. Harvey and the problem of the capillaries. Isis, 59, s. 61-73.
https://doi.org/10.1086/350335
Elzinga, A. 2006. Einstein's Nobel Prize. Watson Publishing.
Elzinga, A. 1995. Einstein in the land of Nobel. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 163, s. 73-163.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2658-0_5
Enebakk, V. 2008. Vitenskapsstudier. Historie, teori, kritikk. Unipub, Oslo.
Franklin, A. 2012. Experiments in Physics. http : ==plato:stanford:edu=entries=physics experiment=
Friedman, R. M. 2005. Einstein and the Nobel Committee: Authority vs. Expertise. Europhysics news July/August.
https://doi.org/10.1051/epn:2005405
Følsing, A. 1996. Albert Einstein, en biogra . Bokforlaget Nya Doxa.
Gearhart, C. A. 2002. Planck, the Quantum, and the Historians. Physics in Perspective 4 (2002), s. 170215.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-002-8363-7
Goenner, H. 1993. The Reaction to Relativity Theory I: The Anti-Einstein campaign in Germany in 1920. I Beller, M., Cohen, R. S., Renn, J. (eds.): Einstein in context. Cambridge University Press. 50
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700001332
Gutting, G. 1980. Paradigms and Revolutions. Notre Dame.
Hacking, I. 1983. Representing and Intervening. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814563
Harris, E. E. 1970. Hypothesis and Perception. New York, Humanities Press Inc.
Hartnack, J. 1970. Filoso ske problemer. Dansk Gyldendal.
Hon, G. og Goldstein, B. R. 2005. How Einstein Made Asymmetry Disappear: Symmetry and Relativity in 1905. Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 59 (2005), s. 437-544.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-005-0098-9
Hoyningen-Huene, P. 1993. Reconstructing scienti c revolutions. Thomas Kuhn's philosophy of science. Chicago University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1119/1.17343
Hoyningen-Huene, P. 2008. Thomas Kuhn and the chemical revolution. Found Chem 10: 101-115.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-008-9044-7
Hoyningen-Huene, P. 2013. Systematicity. The Nature of Science. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199985050.001.0001
Isaacsons, W. 2007. Einstein, his Life and Universe. Simon and Schuster.
Jungnickel, C. og McCormmach, R. 1986. Intellectual Mastery of Nature. Volume 1. University of Chicago Press.
Kampourakis, K. 2013. Mendel and the Path to Genetics: Portraying Science as a Social Process. Science and Education 22: s. 293-324.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-010-9323-2
Koch, C. H. 1996. Innledning til Spinozas Etikk. Munksgaard - Rosinante.
Kostro, L. 2000. Einstein and the ether. Apeiron Montreal.
Kragh, H. 1987. An introduction to the historiography of science. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622434
Kragh, H. 1992. A sense of History: History of Science and the Teaching of Introductory Quantum Theory. Science and Education 1, s. 349-363.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00430962
Kragh, H. 1992. Niels Bohr and the quantum atom. Oxford University Press.
Kragh, H. 1999. Quantum Generations. Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691214191
Kragh, H. 2000. Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary. Physics World, December.
https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/13/12/34
Kuhn, T. 1957. The Copernican Revolution. Harvard University Press.
Kuhn, T. 1963. The Function of Dogma in Scienti c Research. I A. C. Crombie (ed.) Scienti c Change, London, Heinemann. s. 347-369.
Kuhn, T. og Heilbron, J. L. 1969. The genesis of the Bohr atom. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 1: s. 211-90.
https://doi.org/10.2307/27757291
Kuhn, T. 1970. The Structure of Scienti c Revolutions. 2nd enlarged ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. 1970. Re ections on my critics. I [78], s. 231-278.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434.011
Kuhn, T. 1970. Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Reasearch? I [78].
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434.003
Kuhn, T. 1970. Re exions on my Critics. I [78].
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434.011
Kuhn, T. 1970. Notes on Lakatos. I Boston studies in the Philosophy of science. Vol. 8.
https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1970.495758
Kuhn, T. 1977. The Essential Tension. University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226217239.001.0001
Kuhn, T. 1977. Objectivity, value judgment and theory choice. I [73], s. 320-339.
Kuhn, T. 1978. Black-body theory and the quantum discontinuity, 1894-1912. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T. 1996. Vitenskapelige revolusjoners struktur. Oslo, Spartacus.
Kuhn, T. 2000. The Road Since Structure. J. Conant, J. Haugeland (eds.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakatos, I. and Musgrave, A. (eds.) 1970. Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434
Lear, J. 1982. Aristotle's Philosophy of mathematics. Philosophical Review 91, s. 161 - 91.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2184625
Lennox, J. G. 1986. Aristotle, Galileo and Mixed Sciences. I Reinterpreting Galileo. ed. W. A. Wallace. Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Levine, A. 1999. T. S. Kuhn's 'non'-revolution. New York Review of Books, 18/2 - 1999.
Lindberg, D. L. 2007. The Beginnings of Western Science. The University of Chicago Press.
Loudon, I. 1992. Death in Childbed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229971.001.0001
Loudon, I. 2000. The Tragedy of Childbed Fever. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204992.001.0001
Lugg, A. 1980. Theory choice and resistance to change. Philosophy of Science, Vol. 47, 2, s. 227-243.
https://doi.org/10.1086/288930
Martin, B. 1993. Newsweek, 26 April, s. 49-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(93)90250-X
Martins, R. A. 2005. Mechanics and Electromechanics in the Late Nineteenth century: The Dynamics of Maxwell's Ether. Physics before and After Einstein. IOS Press.
John Murray Archive, National Library of Scotland. http : ==digital:nls:uk=jma=
Nettbokhandel. www.bokklubben.no/SamboWeb/produkt.do?produktId=133608
Niaz, N. et. al. 2010. Reconstruction of the theory of the photoelectric effect and its implications for general physics textbooks. Science studies and Science education : 1471 - 2010.
Nickles, T. (ed.) 2002. Thomas Kuhn. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613975
Norton, J. 1993. The Determination of Theory by Evidence: The Case for Quantum Discontinuity 1900-1915. Synthese, 97 , s. 1-31.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255831
Nydal, R. 2002. I vitenskapens tid. Introduksjon til vitenskaps loso etter Kuhn. Spartacus.
Næss, A. 1962. Filoso ens historie. Universitetsforlaget.
Orel, V. 1996. Gregor Mendel: The rst geneticist. Oxford University Press.
Pais, A. 1982. Subtle is the Lord : The science and life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press.
Planck, M. 1900. Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 4, 1901. Presentert 14/12 -1900.
Pohl, G. F. 1828. Jahrbucher fur wissenschaftliche Kritik, No. 11 - 14.
Popper, K. 1970. Normal science and its dangers. I [78].
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434.007
Popper, K. R. 2008. Conjectures and refutations. Routledge Classics.
Popper, K. R. 1959 (1. utgave 1934). The Logic of Scienti c Discovery. Hutchinson.
Preston, J. 2008. Kuhn's The structure of scienti c revolutions. London, Continuum.
Renstrøm, R. 2011. Kvantefysikken utvikling. Ph.d-avhandling, Universitetet i Oslo, november 2011.
Russo, L. 2004. The Forgotten Revolution. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18904-3
Salmon, W. C. 2005. Reality and Rationality. Oxford University Press.
Sankar, D. 2013. I Business Intelligence 25/11-2013.
Schemmel, M. 2008. The English Galileo. Vol. 1. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5499-0
Schmitt, C. B. 1983. Aristotle and the Renaissance. Harvard University Press.
https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674432819
Schønbeck, C. 2012. Albert Einstein und Philipp Lenard. Preprint Heidelberg/Bayreuth.
Sharrock, W. and Read, R. 2002. Kuhn. Philosopher of Scienti c Revolution. Polity.
Simonton, D. K. 2004. Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165358
Stewart, J. (ed.) 1996. The Hegel Myths and Legends. Northwestern University Press. Evanstown, Illinois.
Waller, J. 2004. Leaps in the dark. Oxford University Press.
Watkins, J. 1970. Against normal science. I [78].
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171434.004
Weinberg, S. 1998. The revolution that didn't happen. New York Review of Books, 8/11 - 1998.
Weinberg, S. 1993. Dreams of a nal theory. Vintage.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2808871
Weisberg, R. W. 2006. Creativity. Wiley.
White, M. 2012. http://the nchandpea.co/2012/08/31/if-you-want-aparadigm-shift
Winter, H. J. J. 1944. The reception of Ohm's electrical researches by his contemporaries. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin philosophical magazin and journal of science. 35, 245, s. 371 - 386.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786444408521394
Weisberg, R. W. 2006. Creativity. Wiley.
White, M. 2012. http://the nchandpea.com/2012/08/31/if-you-wanta-paradigm-shift-dont-go-looking-for-it/