Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur blant ansatte i en kommune i Rogaland: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS
Keywords:
alkohol, alkoholkultur, alkoholbruk, WIRUSSynopsis
Bakgrunn: WIRUS er et nasjonalt forskningsprosjekt om alkohol, arbeidsliv, sykefravær, sykenærvær og arbeidsplassbaserte intervensjoner. Prosjektet består av flere delstudier. Én av disse er en screeningstudie der ansatte i ulike virksomheter, på tvers av sektorer og bransjer, svarer på et spørreskjema som handler om bl.a. alkoholbruk, holdninger til arbeidsrelatert alkoholbruk og forventninger til virkninger av alkoholbruk.
Én av virksomhetene som deltar i WIRUS er en kommune i Rogaland. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra spørreundersøkelsen blant ansatte i denne virksomheten.
Målet med denne rapporten er å beskrive alkoholbruk, holdninger til arbeidsrelatert alkoholbruk og forventninger til alkoholbruk blant ansatte i virksomheten. Alkoholbruk er kartlagt ved hjelp av Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), som er utviklet av Verdens helseorganisasjon (WHO). Virksomhetens resultater sammenliknes med de øvrige virksomhetene i WIRUS, og også resultater fra en tidligere utført befolkningsstudie i Norge. Rapporten kan brukes som et kunnskapsgrunnlag for arbeid med alkoholpolicy på arbeidsplassen, og for situasjoner i gråsonen mellom jobb og fritid.
Resultatene for alkoholbruk viser at virksomhetens ansatte i gjennomsnitt rapporterte et marginalt lavere alkoholbruk enn ansatte i de øvrige virksomhetene i WIRUS (3,97 mot 4,02 av 40 mulige poeng på AUDIT-skalaen). Forskjellen var imidlertid ikke statistisk signifikant. Forekomsten av risikofylt alkoholbruk blant de ansatte var tilsvarende for virksomheten (11,8 %) som i de øvrige WIRUS-virksomhetene (11,4 %), men likevel lavere enn hva tidligere forskning har funnet i den generelle norske befolkningen (16,9 %). Den helt marginale forskjellen i andel risikodrikkere mellom virksomheten og de øvrige WIRUS-virksomhetene (0,4 prosentpoeng) var ikke statistisk signifikant. Virksomhetens ansatte rapporterte å ha noe mer negative (restriktive) holdninger til arbeidsrelatert alkoholbruk enn ansatte i de øvrige WIRUS-virksomhetene (2,12 mot 2,16 av 4 poeng). Forskjellen på 0,04 poeng var statistisk signifikant. Virksomhetens ansatte rapporterte om tilsvarende forventninger til virkninger av alkoholbruk som ansatte i de øvrige WIRUS-virksomhetene (1,74 mot 1,75 av 4 poeng). Den marginale forskjellen på 0,1 poeng var ikke statistisk signifikant.
Konklusjon og anbefalinger: Resultatene fra denne undersøkelsen viste at virksomheten var sammenliknbar med de øvrige virksomhetene som deltar i WIRUS-prosjektet hva gjelder alkoholbruk og forventninger til virkninger av alkoholbruk. Virksomhetens ansatte hadde noe mer negative (restriktive) holdninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk enn ansatte i de øvrige virksomhetene, men forskjellen må betraktes som liten. Denne undersøkelsen gir ikke grunnlag for å anbefale særskilte tiltak for denne virksomheten, utover det som generelt kan betraktes som hensiktsmessig alkoholforebyggende arbeid i arbeidslivet.
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https://doi.org/10.2307/2136891
Frøyland, K. (2014). Arbeidsliv og rus: Kunnskapsstatus anno 2005. Oslo: Arbeidsforskningsintituttet.
https://doi.org/10.7577/afi/notat/2005:3
Greenfield, S. F., Brooks, A. J., Gordon, S. M., Green, C. A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R. K., … Miele, G. M. (2007). Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(1), 1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012
Griswold, M. G., Fullman, N., Hawley, C., Arian, N., Zimsen, S. R., Tymeson, H. D., … Abate, K. H. (2018). Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet, 392(10152), 1015-1035.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
Halkjelsvik, T., & Storvoll, E. (2014). Andel av befolkningen med et risikofylt alkoholkonsum målt gjennom Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 32(1), 61-67.
https://doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2015-0008
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262458
Hashemi, N. S., Thørrisen, M. M., Skogen, J. C., Sagvaag, H., de Porras, D. G. R., & Aas, R. W. (2020). Gender differences in the association between positive drinking attitudes and alcohol-related problems. The WIRUS study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165949
Henderson, M., Hutcheson, G., & Davies, J. (1996). Alcohol and the workplace. København, Danmark: Verdens helseorganisasjon.
Howland, J., Mangione, T. W., Kuhlthau, K., Bell, N., Heeren, T., Lee, M., & Levine, S. (1996). Work-site variation in managerial drinking. Addiction, 91(7), 1007-1017.
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02716.x
Kaner, E. F., Beyer, F. R., Muirhead, C., Campbell, F., Pienaar, E. D., Bertholet, N., Daeppen, J. B., Saunders, J. B., & Burnand, B. (2018). Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2(2).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004148.pub4
Kawakami, N., Haratani, T., Hemmi, T., & Araki, S. (1992). Prevalence and demographic correlates of alcohol-related problems in Japanese employees. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27(4), 198-202.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789006
Keenan, K., Saburova, L., Bobrova, N., Elbourne, D., Ashwin, S., & Leon, D. A. (2015). Social factors influencing Russian male alcohol use over the life course: a qualitative study investigating age based social norms, masculinity, and workplace context. PLoS ONE, 10(11).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142993
Kjærheim, K., Mykletun, R., Aasland, O. R., Haldorsen, T., & Andersen, A. (1995). Heavy drinking in the restaurant business: The role of social modelling and structural factors of the workplace. Addiction, 90(11), 1487-1495.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02811.x
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., … Kok, C. (2012). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2224-2260.
Marchand, A., Parent-Lamarche, A., & Blanc, M. E. (2011). Work and high-risk alcohol consumption in the Canadian workforce. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(7), 2692-2705.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8072692
Mathiesen, E. F., Nome, S., Richter, J., & Eisemann, M. (2013). Alcohol use patterns in a Norwegian general population-based sample with special reference to socio-demographic variables. Journal of Public Health, 21(3), 241-249.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-012-0541-8
de Meneses-Gaya, C., Zuardi, A. W., Loureiro, S. R., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2009). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): An updated systematic review of psychometric properties. Psychology & Neuroscience, 2(1), 83-97.
https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2009.1.12
Moan, I. S., & Halkjelsvik, T. (2016). Alkohol og arbeidsliv. En undersøkelse blant norske arbeidstakere. Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet.
Moan, I. S., & Halkjelsvik, T. (2019). Alkohol og arbeidsliv II. Bruk, konsekvenser og retningslinjer ved ulike typer arbeidsplasser i Norge. Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet.
Murphy, A., Roberts, B., McGowan, C., Kizilova, K., Kizilov, A., Rhodes, T., & McKee, M. (2015). One for all: Workplace social context and drinking among railway workers in Ukraine. Global Public Health, 10(3), 391-409.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.979856
Myrtveit, S. M., Askeland, K. G., Knudsen, A. K., Knapstad, M., Olsen, R., Nedregård, T., & Skogen, J. C. (2016). Risky drinking among Norwegian students: Associations with participation in the introductory week, academic performance and alcohol-related attitudes. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 33(4), 361-380.
https://doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2016-0031
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2016, 29. februar). Drinking levels defined. Nedlastet fra http://www.niaaa.nih.gov
Nesvåg, S., & Duckert, F. (2017). Work-related drinking and processes of social integration and marginalization in two Norwegian workplaces. Culture and Organization, 23(3), 157-176.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2015.1021800
Nesvåg, S., & Lie, T. (2004). Rusmiddelbruk blant ansatte i norsk privat arbeidsliv. Nordisk Alkohol- og Narkotikatidsskrift, 21(2), 91-100.
Nordaune, K., Skarpaas, L. S., Sagvaag, H., Haveraaen, L., Rimstad, S., Kinn, L. G., & Aas, R. W. (2017). Who initiates and organises situations for work-related alcohol use? The WIRUS culture study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(8), 749-756.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817704109
O'Donnell, P., Anderson, P., Newbury-Birch, D., Schulte, B., Schmidt, C., Reimer, J., & Kaner, E. (2014). The impact of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 49(1), 66-78.
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March 15, 2022
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