Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Keywords:
nevrologi, Parkinson, Parkinson's, impulskontroll, psykose, ParkWest
Synopsis
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population aged over 60. PD is characterized by the presence of several motor symptoms, which often are accompanied by a range of neuropsychiatric and non-motor symptoms. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) include a range of behavioral disorders, frequently occurring as a complication of PD. However, the epidemiology and risk profile for developing ICDs in patients with PD has not been fully examined. Objectives The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the epidemiology, genetic risk and long-term trajectory of ICDs in PD. Methods All papers of this thesis are based on the Norwegian ParkWest study, a prospective, population-based, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed PD. In this study, 212 patients were followed prospectively by experienced movement disorders specialists. A large cohort of non-PD subjects was included as a control group. Assessment of ICDs was first introduced five years after baseline assessment. Associated features and risk factors of ICDs were explored in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Associated genetic polymorphisms were explored based on already gathered whole-exome sequencing data from the Norwegian ParkWest study. Results At study start, patients with PD had about 3-fold increased odds of having any ICD and more than 7-fold increased odds of multiple ICDs compared with matched normal controls. Patients treated with dopamine agonist, but not other dopaminergic drugs, had even higher odds of having an ICD compared with controls. ICD status in patients was independently associated with dopamine agonist treatment and depressive symptoms. In additional analyses on the PD cohort, we did not find any association between ICD status and presence of psychotic symptoms. Presence of ICDs in patients with PD at study start was associated with 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across nine genes. In addition to already identified polymorphisms, we found a novel polymorphism in the DRD1-gene.
References
Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones; 1817.
Charcot JM. 'On Parkinson's disease. lectures on Diseases of the Nercous System Delivered at the Salpêtrière [trans. Sigerson G.]. London: New Sydenham Society; 1872:129-156.
Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TD. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. Nov 2014;29(13):1583-1590. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25945
de Lau LML, Breteler MMB. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(6):525-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70471-9
Alves G, Muller B, Herlofson K, et al. Incidence of Parkinson's disease in Norway: the Norwegian ParkWest study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Aug 2009;80(8):851-857. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.168211
von Campenhausen S, Bornschein B, Wick R, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. Aug 2005;15(4):473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007
Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. 2015;386(9996):896-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3
Delamarre A, Meissner WG. Epidemiology, environmental risk factors and genetics of Parkinson's disease. Press. Med. 2017;46:175-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2017.01.001
Caminiti SP, Presotto L, Baroncini D, et al. Axonal damage and loss of connectivity in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pathways in early Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin. 2017;14:734-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.011
Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Bigler ED, Tranel D. Neuropsychological Assessment - fifth edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Albin RL, Young AB, Penney JB. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci. Oct 1989;12(10):366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(89)90074-X
Dickson DW. Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. Aug 1 2012;2(8). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a009258
Cropley VL, Fujita M, Innis RB, Nathan PJ. Molecular imaging of the dopaminergic system and its association with human cognitive function. Biol Psychiatry. May 15 2006;59(10):898-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.004
Marek K, Seibyl J, Zoghbi S, et al. [ 123 I]P-CIT/SPECT imaging demonstrates bilateral loss of dopamine transporters in hemi- Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1996;46(1). https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.46.1.231
Brooks DJ, Piccini P. Imaging in Parkinson's disease: the role of monoamines in behavior. Biol Psychiatry. May 15 2006;59(10):908- 918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.017
Surguchev AA, Surguchov A. Synucleins and Gene Expression: Ramblers in a Crowd or Cops Regulating Traffic? Front Mol Neurosci. 2017;10:224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00224
Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, Del Tredici K. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm. May 2003;110(5):517-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2
Michel PP, Hirsch EC, Hunot S. Understanding Dopaminergic Cell Death Pathways in Parkinson Disease. Neuron. May 18 2016;90(4):675-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.038
Gaare JJ, Nido GS, Sztromwasser P, et al. Rare genetic variation in mitochondrial pathways influences the risk for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Oct 2018;33(10):1591-1600. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.64
Diederich NJ, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Failing as doorman and disc jockey at the same time: Amygdalar dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jan 2016;31(1):11-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26460
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, et al. Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle. Nat Med. Jun 2010;16(6):653-661. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2165
Chang D, Nalls MA, Hallgrimsdottir IB, et al. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 17 new Parkinson's disease risk loci. Nat Genet. Oct 2017;49(10):1511-1516. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3955
Singleton A, Hardy J. The Evolution of Genetics: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Neuron. Jun 15 2016;90(6):1154-1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.040
Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C, Vallerga CL, et al. Parkinson's disease genetics: identifying novel risk loci, providing causal insights and improving estimates of heritable risk. (preprint). 2018. https://doi.org/10.1101/388165
Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. May 2009;8(5):464-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70068-7
Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Alves G, et al. The spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with early untreated Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Aug 2009;80(8):928-930. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.166959
Ehgoetz Martens KA, Lewis SJ. Pathology of behavior in PD: What is known and what is not? J Neurol Sci. Mar 15 2017;374:9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.062
Erro R, Picillo M, Vitale C, et al. Non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease: a 2-year follow-up study on previously untreated patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(1):14-17. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303419
Leiknes I, Tysnes OB, Aarsland D, Larsen JP. Caregiver distress associated with neuropsychiatric problems in patients with early Parkinson's disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. Acta Neurol Scand. Dec 2010;122(6):418-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01332.x
Thommessen B, Aarsland D, Braekhus A, Oksengaard AR, K. E, Laake K. The psychsocial burden of spouses of the elderly with stroke, dementia and Parkinson's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:78- 84. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.524
Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Lim NG, et al. Range of neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67:492-496. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.4.492
Reijnders JS, Ehrt U, Weber WE, Aarsland D, Leentjens AF. A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jan 30 2008;23(2):183-189; quiz 313. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21803
Dissanayaka NN, Sellbach A, Matheson S, et al. Anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease: prevalence and risk factors. Mov Disord. May 15 2010;25(7):838-845. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22833
Weintraub D, Simuni T, Caspell-Garcia C, et al. Cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in early, untreated Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jun 2015;30(7):919-927. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26170
Pedersen KF, Alves G, Bronnick K, Aarsland D, Tysnes OB, Larsen JP. Apathy in drug-naive patients with incident Parkinson's disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. J Neurol. Feb 2010;257(2):217-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5297-x
Corallo F, De Cola MC, Lo Buono V, Di Lorenzo G, Bramanti P, Marino S. Observational study of quality of life of Parkinson's patients and their caregivers. Psychogeriatrics. Mar 2017;17(2):97-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12196
Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB, Alves G, Norwegian ParkWest Study G. Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. Neurology. Mar 31 2009;72(13):1121-1126. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000338632.00552.cb
de la Riva P, Smith K, Xie SX, Weintraub D. Course of psychiatric symptoms and global cognition in early Parkinson disease. Neurology. Sep 16 2014;83(12):1096-1103. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000801
Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Kragh-Sorensen P. Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8- year prospective study. Arch Neurol. Mar 2003;60(3):387-392. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.3.387
Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord. Apr 30 2008;23(6):837-844. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21956
Pigott K, Rick J, Xie SX, et al. Longitudinal study of normal cognition in Parkinson disease. Neurology. Oct 13 2015;85(15):1276-1282. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002001
Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, et al. The rate of cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. Dec 2004;61(12):1906-1911. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.61.12.1906
Pedersen KF, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in early Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. JAMA Neurol. May 2013;70(5):580-586. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.2110
Irwin DJ, White MT, Toledo JB, et al. Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia. Ann Neurol. Oct 2012;72(4):587-598. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23659
Litvan I, Goldman JG, Troster AI, et al. Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Movement Disorder Society Task Force guidelines. Mov Disord. Mar 2012;27(3):349-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.24893
Janvin CC, Aarsland D, Larsen JP. Cognitive predictors of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a community-based, 4-year longitudinal study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. Sep 2005;18(3):149-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988705277540
Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology. Sep 21 2010;75(12):1062-1069. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e
Bronnick K, Emre M, Lane R, Tekin S, Aarsland D. Profile of cognitive impairment in dementia associated with Parkinson's disease compared with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Oct 2007;78(10):1064-1068. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.108076
Hoogland J, van Wanrooij LL, Boel JA, et al. Detecting Mild Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of Neuropsychological Tests. Mov Disord. Nov 2018;33(11):1750-1759. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.110
Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Sep 15 2007;22(12):1689-1707; quiz 1837. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21507
Bjornestad A, Pedersen KF, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Clinical milestones in Parkinson's disease: A 7-year population-based incident cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Sep 2017;42:28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.05.025
Braak H, Rub U, Jansen Steur EN, Del Tredici K, de Vos RA. Cognitive status correlates with neuropathologic stage in Parkinson disease. Neurology. Apr 26 2005;64(8):1404-1410. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000158422.41380.82
Wang YX, Zhao J, Li DK, et al. Associations between cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav. Jun 2017;7(6):e00719. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.719
Hanganu A, Bedetti C, Degroot C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment is linked with faster rate of cortical thinning in patients with Parkinson's disease longitudinally. Brain. Apr 2014;137(Pt 4):1120-1129. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu036
Pereira B, Svenningsson P, Weintraub D, et al. Initial cognitive decline is associated with cortical thinning in early Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2014;82(22):2017-2025. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000483
Gasca-Salas C, Garcia-Lorenzo D, Garcia-Garcia D, et al. Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: severe cortical thinning antedates dementia. Brain Imaging Behav. Jul 14 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-017-9751-6
Wen MC, Ng A, Chander RJ, Au WL, Tan LC, Kandiah N. Longitudinal brain volumetric changes and their predictive effects on cognition among cognitively asymptomatic patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. May 2015;21(5):483-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.02.014
Kehagia AA, Barker RA, Robbins TW. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: the dual syndrome hypothesis. Neurodegener Dis. 2013;11(2):79-92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000341998
Robbins TW, Cools R. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Mov Disord. Apr 15 2014;29(5):597-607. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25853
Calabresi P, Picconi B, Parnetti L, Di Filippo M. A convergent model for cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease: the critical dopamine-acetylcholine synaptic balance. The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(11):974-983. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70600-7
Gratwicke J, Jahanshahi M, Foltynie T. Parkinson's disease dementia: a neural networks perspective. Brain. Jun 2015;138(Pt 6):1454-1476. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv104
Kehagia AA, Barker RA, Robbins TW. Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. The Lancet Neurology. 2010;9(12):1200- 1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70212-X
Hirano S, Shinotoh H, Eidelberg D. Functional brain imaging of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Oct 2012;83(10):963-969. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2011-301818
Lee JE, Cho KH, Song SK, et al. Exploratory analysis of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlates of progressive mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Jan 2014;85(1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-305062
Gao Y, Nie K, Huang B, et al. Changes of brain structure in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment analyzed via VBM technology. Neurosci Lett. Sep 29 2017;658:121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.028
Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain. Nov 2009;132(Pt 11):2958-2969. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp245
Liu G, Locascio JJ, Corvol J-C, et al. Prediction of cognition in Parkinson's disease with a clinical-genetic score: a longitudinal analysis of nine cohorts. The Lancet Neurology. 2017;16(8):620-629. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30122-9
Lunde KA, Chung J, Dalen I, et al. Association of glucocerebrosidase polymorphisms and mutations with dementia in incident Parkinson's disease. Alzheimers Dement. Oct 2018;14(10):1293-1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.006
Maple-Grodem J, Chung J, Lunde KA, et al. Alzheimer disease associated variants in SORL1 accelerate dementia development in Parkinson disease. Neurosci Lett. May 1 2018;674:123-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.036
Hughes A, Daniel S, Kilford L, Lees A. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(3):181-184. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181
Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Oct 2015;30(12):1591-1601. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26424
Gelb D, Oliver E, Gilman S. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease.Arch Neurol. 1999;56(1):33-39. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.1.33
Kohr S-P, Hsu A. The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levodopa in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Current Clinical Pharmacology. 2007;2:234-243. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488407781668802
Xie CL, Zhang YY, Wang XD, et al. Levodopa alone compared with levodopa-sparing therapy as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. Aug 2015;36(8):1319-1329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-015-2253-7
Bjornestad A, Forsaa EB, Pedersen KF, Tysnes OB, Larsen JP, Alves G. Risk and course of motor complications in a population-based incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jan 2016;22:48-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.007
Stathis P, Konitsiotis S, Antonini A. Dopamine agonists early monotherapy for the delay of development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Expert Rev. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;15:207-2013. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2015.1001747
Olanow CW, Obeso JA, Stocchi F. Continuous dopamine-receptor treatment of Parkinson's disease: scientific rationale and clinical implications. The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(8):677-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70521-X
Rabinak C, Nirenberg MJ. Dopamine Agonist Withdrawal Syndrome in Parkinson Disease. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:58-63. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2009.294
Lee Y, Kim MS, Lee J. Neuroprotective strategies to prevent and treat Parkinson's disease based on its pathophysiological mechanism. Arch Pharm Res. Oct 2017;40(10):1117-1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0960-8
Dietrichs E, Odin P. Algorithms for the treatment of motor problems in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. Nov 2017;136(5):378-385. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12733
Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, et al. International Parkinson and movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review: Update on treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Aug 2018;33(8):1248-1266. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27372
World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th Revision). Retrieved from https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en2018.
Dell'Osso B, Altamura AC, Allen A, Marazziti D, Hollander E. Epidemiologic and clinical updates on impulse control disorders: a critical review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. Dec 2006;256(8):464-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-006-0668-0
Black DW. Compulsive Buying Disorder Definition, Assessment, Epidemiology and Clinical Management. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(1):17- 27. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200115010-00003
Grant JE, Kim SW. Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling. Compr Psychiatry. Jan-Feb 2005;46(1):34-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.07.022
Grant JE, Redden SA, Leppink EW, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR. Psychosocial dysfunction associated with skin picking disorder and trichotillomania. Psychiatry Res. May 30 2016;239:68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.004
Robbins T, Clark L. Behavioral addictions. Curr Opin Neurobiol. Sep 25 2014;30C:66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.005
Moore CF, Sabino V, Koob GF, Cottone P. Pathological Overeating: Emerging Evidence for a Compulsivity Construct. Neuropsychopharmacology. Jun 2017;42(7):1375-1389. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.269
Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. Sep 2010;36(5):233- 241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
Grant JE, Atmaca M, Fineberg NA, et al. Impulse control disorders and "behavioural addictions" in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry. Jun 2014;13(2):125-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20115
Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11. CNS Spectr. Aug 2016;21(4):300-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000183
Yau YH, Potenza MN. Gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions: recognition and treatment. Harv Rev Psychiatry. Mar-Apr 2015;23(2):134-146. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000051
Brewer JA, Potenza MN. The neurobiology and genetics of impulse control disorders: relationships to drug addictions. Biochem Pharmacol. Jan 1 2008;75(1):63-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.043
Potenza MN, Koran LM, Pallanti S. The relationship between impulse- control disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a current understanding and future research directions. Psychiatry Res. Nov 30 2009;170(1):22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.036
Hollander E, Stein DJ. Clinical Manual of Impulse-Control Disorders. USA: American Psychiatric Association; 2006.
Rosenberg KP, Feder LC. Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, evidence, and treatment. London, UK: Academic Press; 2014.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Grant JE, Schreiber LR, Odlaug BL. Phenomenology and treatment of behavioural addictions. Can J Psychiatry. May 2013;58(5):252-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371305800502
Kyrios M, Trotzke P, Lawrence L, et al. Behavioral Neuroscience of Buying-Shopping Disorder: a Review. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports. 2018;5(4):263-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0165-6
Kaus SW, Krueger R, Briken P, et al. Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(1):109-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20499
Potenza MN. Clinical neuropsychiatric considerations regarding nonsubstance or behavioral addictions. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19:281-292.
Brady S, Duffey P. Impulse control disorder manifesting as hidden sexual self-injury. Pract Neurol. Jun 2015;15(3):226. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2014-001038
Clemm von Hochenberg C, Dressing H. Stealing as an Impulse Control Disorders Associated with Pramipexole - A Case Report from Forensic Psychiatry Practice. . Psychiatr Prax. 2017;44(3):172-174. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-100024
Micheli F, Pellene A, Arcushin D, Calzinari A, Farret MS. Pet killing as a manifestation of impulse control disorder secondary to pramipexol. Clin Neuropharmacol. Mar-Apr 2015;38(2):55-56. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000074
Raina G, Cersosimo MG, Micheli F. Zoophilia and impulse control disorder in a patient with Parkinson disease. J Neurol. May 2012;259(5):969-970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6270-z
Weintraub D, Hoops S, Shea JA, et al. Validation of the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jul 30 2009;24(10):1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22571
Weintraub D, Papay K, Siderowf AD. Screening for impulse control symtpoms in patients with de novo Parkinson disease - A case-control study. Neurology. 2013;80:176-180. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827b915c
Hodgins DC, Stea JN, Grant JE. Gambling disorders. The Lancet. 2011;378(9806):1874-1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62185-X
Honsi A, Mentzoni RA, Molde H, Pallesen S. Attentional bias in problem gambling: a systematic review. J Gambl Stud. Sep 2013;29(3):359-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-012-9315-z
Nautiyal KM, Okuda M, Hen R, Blanco C. Gambling disorder: an integrative review of animal and human studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Apr 2017;1394(1):106-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13356
Kessler RC, Hwang I, LaBrie R, et al. DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med. Sep 2008;38(9):1351-1360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708002900
Romer Thomsen K, Callesen MB, Hesse M, et al. Impulsivity traits and addiction-related behaviors in youth. J Behav Addict. Jun 1 2018;7(2):317-330. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.22
Gyollai A, Griffiths MD, Barta C, et al. The genetics of problem and pathological gambling: a systematic review. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(25):3993-3999. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990626
Leeman RF, Potenza MN. A targeted review of the neurobiology and genetics of behavioural addictions: an emerging area of research. Can J Psychiatry. May 2013;58(5):260-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371305800503
Blum K, Braverman ER, Holder JM, et al. The Reward Deficiency Syndrome: A Biogenetic Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Impulsive, Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2000;32(sup1):1-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2000.10736099
Luscher C. The Emergence of a Circuit Model for Addiction. Annu Rev Neurosci. Jul 8 2016;39:257-276. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-013920
Volkow ND, Wise RA, Baler R. The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci. Nov 16 2017;18(12):741-752. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.130
Di Chiara G, Bassareo V. Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn't do. Curr Opin Pharmacol. Feb 2007;7(1):69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2006.11.003
Probst CC, van Eimeren T. The functional anatomy of impulse control disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. Oct 2013;13(10):386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0386-8
Kraus SW, Voon V, Potenza MN. Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? Addiction. Dec 2016;111(12):2097-2106. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13297
Voon V, Mole TB, Banca P, et al. Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
Odlaug BL, Lust K, Schreiber LR, et al. Compulsive sexual behavior in young adults. Ann Clin Psychiatry. Aug 2013;25(3):193-200.
Blum K, Badgaiyan RD, Gold MS. Hypersexuality Addiction and Withdrawal: Phenomenology, Neurogenetics and Epigenetics. Cureus. Oct 12 2015;7(10):e348. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.290
Yau YH, Gottlieb CD, Krasna LC, Potenza MN. Food Addiction: Evidence, Evaluation, and Treatment. In: Rosenberg KP, Feder LC, eds. Behavioal Addictions: Criteria, evidence, and treatment. London, UK: Academic Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00007-0
Carlier N, Marshe VS, Cmorejova J, Davis C, Muller DJ. Genetic Similarities between Compulsive Overeating and Addiction Phenotypes: A Case for "Food Addiction"? Curr Psychiatry Rep. Dec 2015;17(12):96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0634-5
Moore CF, Sabino V, Koob GF, Cottone P. Neuroscience of Compulsive Eating Behavior. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:469. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00469
Di Segni M, Patrono E, Patella L, Puglisi-Allegra S, Ventura R. Animal models of compulsive eating behavior. Nutrients. Oct 22 2014;6(10):4591-4609. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6104591
Lejoyeux M, Tassain V, Solomon J, Ades J. Study of compulsive buying in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry. Apr 1997;58(4):169- 173. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v58n0406
Maraz A, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. The prevalence of compulsive buying: a meta-analysis. Addiction. Mar 2016;111(3):408-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13223
Faber RJ, O'Guinn TC. A Clinical Screener for Compulsive Buying. Journal of Consumer Research. 1992;19(3). https://doi.org/10.1086/209315
Mueller A, Mitchell JE, Crosby RD, et al. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying in Germany and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Res. Dec 30 2010;180(2-3):137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.12.001
Racine E, Kahn T, Hollander E. Compulsive Buying Disorder. In: Rosenberg KP, Feder LC, eds. Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment. London, UK: Academic Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00012-4
Algase DL, Moore DH, Vandeweerd C, Gavin-Dreschnack DJ. Mapping the maze of terms and definitions in dementia-related wandering. Aging Ment Health. Nov 2007;11(6):686-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860701366434
Rylander G. Psychoses and the Punding and Choreiform Syndromes in Addiction to Central Stimulant Drugs. Psychiatria, Neurologia, Neurochiurgia. 1972;75:203-212.
Evans AH, Katzenschlager R, Paviour D, et al. Punding in Parkinson's disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Mov Disord. Apr 2004;19(4):397-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20045
Schøirring E. Psychopathology Induced by "Speed Drugs". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 1981;14:109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(81)80018-4
Ringdahl JE, Wacker DP, Berg WK, Harding JW. Repetitive Behavior Disorders in Persons with Developmental Disabilities. In: Woods BW, Miltenberger RG, eds. Tic Disorders, Trichotillomania, and Other Repetitive Behavior Disorders. USA: Springer Science+Business Media; 2001.
O'Sullivan JD, Evans AH, Lees A. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome: an overview of its epidemiology, mechanisms and management. CNS Drugs. 2009;32(2):157-170. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200923020-00005
Vela L, Martinez Castrillo JC, Garcia Ruiz P, et al. The high prevalence of impulse control behaviors in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional multicenter study. J Neurol Sci. Sep 15 2016;368:150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.003
Rohde K, Riedel O, Lueken U, et al. [Impulsive-compulsive behaviours in a German Parkinson's disease outpatient sample]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. Sep 2013;81(9):503-510. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1350457
Callesen MB, Weintraub D, Damholdt MF, Moller A. Impulsive and compulsive behaviors among Danish patients with Parkinson's disease: prevalence, depression, and personality. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jan 2014;20(1):22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.09.006
Rodriguez-Violante M, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Cervantes-Arriaga A, Camacho-Ordonez A, Weintraub D. Impulse control and related disorders in Mexican Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Aug 2014;20(8):907-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.05.014
Kim J, Kim M, Kwon do Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of impulse control and repetitive behavior disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. Feb 2013;260(2):429-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6645-9
Barbeau A. L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: a critical review of nine years' experience. Canada med Assoc J. 1969;101:59-68.
Harvey NS. Serial cognitive profiles in levodopa-induced hypersexuality. Br J Psychiatry. Dec 1988;153:833-836. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.6.833
O'Brian C, Digiacomo J, Fahn S, Schwarz OA. Mental effects of high- dosage levodopa. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1971;24:61-63. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750070063008
Goodwin FK. Psychiatric side effects of Levodopa in Man. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 1971;218(13):1915- 1920. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1971.03190260031009
Fernandez H, Friedman J. Punding on L-Dopa. Movement Disorders. 1999;14(5):836-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(199909)14:5<836::AID-MDS1018>3.0.CO;2-0
A.H. E, A.D. L, Potts J, Appel S, Lees AJ. Factors influencing susceptibility to compulsive dopaminergic drug use in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005;65:1570-1574. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000184487.72289.f0
Giovannoni G, O'Sullivan JD, Turner K, Manson AJ, Lees AJ. Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Apr 2000;68(4):423-428. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.68.4.423
Molina JA, Sainz-Artiga M, Fraile A, et al. Pathologic Gambling in Parkinson's Disease: A Behavioral Manifestation of Pharmacologic Treatment? Movement Disorders. 2000;15(5):869-872. https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(200009)15:5<869::AID-MDS1016>3.0.CO;2-I
Seedat S, Kesler S, Niehaus DJ, Stein DJ. Pathological gambling behaviour: emergence secondary to treatment of Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic agents. Depress Anxiety. 2000;11(4):185-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6394(2000)11:4<185::AID-DA8>3.0.CO;2-H
Nirenberg MJ, Waters C. Compulsive eating and weight gain related to dopamine agonist use. Movement Disorders. 2006;21(4):524-529. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20757
Kurlan R. Disabling repetitive behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Apr 2004;19(4):433-437. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10625
Voon V. Repetition, repetition, and repetition: compulsive and punding behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Apr 2004;19(4):367-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20046
Wolters E, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA. Parkinson's disease- related disorders in the impulsive-compulsive spectrum. J Neurol. Sep 2008;255 Suppl 5:48-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-008-5010-5
Germain V, Marchand A, Bouchard S, Drouin MS, Guay S. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009;38(1):42-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802473494
Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study of 3090 patients. Arch Neurol. May 2010;67(5):589-595. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.65
Joutsa J, Martikainen K, Vahlberg T, Voon V, Kaasinen V. Impulse control disorders and depression in Finnish patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Feb 2012;18(2):155-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.09.007
Lim SY, Tan ZK, Ngam PI, et al. Impulsive-compulsive behaviors are common in Asian Parkinson's disease patients: assessment using the QUIP. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Dec 2011;17(10):761-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.07.009
Tanaka K, Wada-Isoe K, Nakashita S, Yamamoto M, Nakashima K. Impulsive compulsive behaviors in Japanese Parkinson's disease patients and utility of the Japanese version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. Aug 15 2013;331(1-2):76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.013
Molde H, Moussavi Y, Kopperud ST, Erga AH, Hansen AL, Pallesen S. Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Case-Control Studies. Front Neurol. 2018;9:330. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00330
Isaias IU, Siri C, Cilia R, De Gaspari D, Pezzoli G, Antonini A. The relationship between impulsivity and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Feb 15 2008;23(3):411-415. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21872
Ondo WG, Lai D. Predictors of impulsivity and reward seeking behavior with dopamine agonists. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2008;14(1):28-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.05.006
Singh A, Kandimala G, Dewey RB, Jr., O'Suilleabhain P. Risk factors for pathologic gambling and other compulsions among Parkinson's disease patients taking dopamine agonists. J Clin Neurosci. Dec 2007;14(12):1178-1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2007.01.009
Weintraub D, Siderowf AD, Potenza MN, et al. Association of dopamine agonist use with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. Jul 2006;63(7):969-973. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.7.969
Voon V, Hassan K, Zurowski M, et al. Prospective prevalence of pathologic gambling and medication association in Parkinson disease. Neurology. Jun 13 2006;66(11):1750-1752. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000218206.20920.4d
Pontone G, Williams JR, Bassett SS, Marsh L. Clinical features associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2006;67:1258-1261. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000238401.76928.45
Voon V, Thomsen T, Miyasaki JM, et al. Factors associated with dopaminergic drug-related pathological gambling in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. Feb 2007;64(2):212-216. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.2.212
Nombela C, Rittman T, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Multiple modes of impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085747
Marín-Lahoz J, Pagonabarraga J, Martinez-Horta S, et al. Parkinson's Disease: Impulsivity Does Not Cause Impulse Control Disorders but Boosts Their Severity. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00465
Poletti M, Bonuccelli U. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: the role of personality and cognitive status. J Neurol. Nov 2012;259(11):2269-2277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6506-6
Phu AL, Xu Z, Brakoulias V, et al. Effect of impulse control disorders on disability and quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients. J Clin Neurosci. Jan 2014;21(1):63-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2013.02.032
Leroi I, Harbishettar V, Andrews M, McDonald K, Byrne EJ, Burns A. Carer burden in apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. Feb 2012;27(2):160-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2704
Voon V, Fox SH. Medication-related impulse control and repetitive behaviors in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. Aug 2007;64(8):1089- 1096. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.8.1089
Garlovsky JK, Simpson J, Grunewald RA, Overton PG. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Predominant role of psychological determinants. Psychol Health. Dec 2016;31(12):1391-1414. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2016.1218879
Antonini A, Barone P, Bonuccelli U, Annoni K, Asgharnejad M, Stanzione P. ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Apr 2017;88(4):317-324. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-315277
Biundo R, Weis L, Abbruzzese G, et al. Impulse control disorders in advanced Parkinson's disease with dyskinesia: The ALTHEA study. Mov Disord. Sep 27 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27181
Sarathchandran P, Soman S, Sarma G, Krishnan S, Kishore A. Impulse control disorders and related behaviors in Indian patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Nov 2013;28(13):1901-1902. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25557
Voon V, Sohr M, Lang AE, et al. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a multicenter case--control study. Ann Neurol. Jun 2011;69(6):986-996. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22356
Voon V, Schoerling A, Wenzel S, et al. Frequency of impulse control behaviours associated with dopaminergic therapy in restless legs syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-117
Bancos I, Nannenga MR, Bostwick JM, Silber MH, Erickson D, Nippoldt TB. Impulse control disorders in patients with dopamine agonist-treated prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). Jun 2014;80(6):863-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12375
Holman AJ. Impulse control disorder behaviors associated with pramipexole used to treat fibromyalgia. J Gambl Stud. Sep 2009;25(3):425-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9123-2
Soyka M, Huppert D. L-dopa abuse in a patient with former alcoholism. Br J Addict. Jan 1992;87(1):117-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01908.x
Grosset DG, Cardoso F, Lees A. Dopamine Agonists vs Levodopa in Impulse Control Disorders. Arch Neurol. 2011;68(4):544-546. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.41
Cilia R, Siri C, Canesi M, et al. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson's disease: from clinical and neuropsychological characterisation to management and long-term outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Mar 2014;85(3):311-318. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303988
Fasano A, Petrovic I. Insights into pathophysiology of punding reveal possible treatment strategies. Mol Psychiatry. Jun 2010;15(6):560-573. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.95
Antonini A, Siri C, Santangelo G, et al. Impulsivity and compulsivity in drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Feb 15 2011;26(3):464-468. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23501
Claassen DO, van den Wildenberg WP, Ridderinkhof KR, et al. The risky business of dopamine agonists in Parkinson disease and impulse control disorders. Behav Neurosci. Aug 2011;125(4):492-500. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023795
Housden CR, O'Sullivan SS, Joyce EM, Lees AJ, Roiser JP. Intact reward learning but elevated delay discounting in Parkinson's disease patients with impulsive-compulsive spectrum behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology. Oct 2010;35(11):2155-2164. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.84
Voon V, Gao J, Brezing C, et al. Dopamine agonists and risk: impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Brain. May 2011;134(Pt 5):1438-1446. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr080
Clark CA, Dagher A. The role of dopamine in risk taking: a specific look at Parkinson's disease and gambling. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00196
Vriend C, Nordbeck AH, Booij J, et al. Reduced dopamine transporter binding predates impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jun 2014;29(7):904-911. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25886
Biundo R, Weis L, Facchini S, et al. Patterns of cortical thickness associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Apr 15 2015;30(5):688-695. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26154
Carriere N, Lopes R, Defebvre L, Delmaire C, Dujardin K. Impaired corticostriatal connectivity in impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology. May 26 2015;84(21):2116-2123. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001619
Pellicano C, Niccolini F, Wu K, et al. Morphometric changes in the reward system of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders. J Neurol. Dec 2015;262(12):2653-2661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7892-3
Tessitore A, Santangelo G, De Micco R, et al. Resting-state brain networks in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders. Cortex. Jun 24 2017;94:63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.008
Tessitore A, Santangelo G, De Micco R, et al. Cortical thickness changes in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Mar 2016;24:119-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.013
De Micco R, Russo A, Tedeschi G, Tessitore A. Impulse Control Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease: Drugs or Disease? Contribution From Imaging Studies. Front Neurol. 2018;9:893. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00893
Martini A, Dal Lago D, Edelstyn NMJ, Grange JA, Tamburin S. Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Correlates. Frontiers in Neurology. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00654
Vriend C, Pattij T, van der Werf YD, et al. Depression and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: two sides of the same coin? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Jan 2014;38:60-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.001
Mack J, Okai D, Brown RG, et al. The Role of Self-Awareness and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease With and Without Impulse-Control Disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;25(2):141-149. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12030076
Papapetropoulos S, Mash DC. Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease. From description to etiology. J Neurol. Jul 2005;252(7):753- 764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0918-5
Voon V, Napier TC, Frank MJ, et al. Impulse control disorders and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: an update. Lancet Neurol. Mar 2017;16(3):238-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30004-2
Hinkle JT, Perepezko K, Rosenthal LS, et al. Markers of impaired motor and cognitive volition in Parkinson's disease: Correlates of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, impulse control disorder, and dyskinesias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Nov 21 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.027
Santangelo G, Raimo S, Barone P. The relationship between Impulse Control Disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Jun 2017;77:129-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.018
Bentivoglio AR, Baldonero E, Ricciardi L, De Nigris F, Daniele A. Neuropsychological features of patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders. Neurol Sci. Jul 2013;34(7):1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-012-1224-5
Goetz CG, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Process, format, and clinimetric testing plan. Mov Disord. Jan 2007;22(1):41-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21198
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
Voon V, Hassan K, Zurowski M, et al. Prevalence of repetitative and reward seeking behaviros in PD. Neurology. 2006;67:1254-1257. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000238503.20816.13
Okai D, Askey-Jones S, Mack J, et al. Parkinson's Impulse-Control Scale for the Severity Rating of Impulse-Control Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease: A Semistructured Clinical Assessment Tool. Mov Disord Clin Pract. Sep-Oct 2016;3(5):494-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12316
Grant JE. Impulse Control Disorders: A Clinician's Guide to Understanding and Treating Behavioral Addictions. New York: WW Norton and Company; 2008.
Chamberlain SR, Grant JE. Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview (MIDI): Validation of a structured diagnostic clinical interview for impulse control disorders in an enriched community sample. Psychiatry Res. Jul 2018;265:279-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.006
Cossu G, Rinaldi R, Colosimo C. The rise and fall of impulse control behavior disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jan 2018;46 Suppl 1:S24-S29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.030
O'Callaghan C, Bertoux M, Hornberger M. Beyond and below the cortex: the contribution of striatal dysfunction to cognition and behaviour in neurodegeneration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Apr 2014;85(4):371-378. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-304558
Erga AH, Dalen I, Ushakova A, et al. Dopaminergic and Opioid Pathways Associated with Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in Neurology. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00109
Kraemmer J, Smith K, Weintraub D, et al. Clinical-genetic model predicts incident impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Apr 13 2016. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312848
Martini A, Dal Lago D, Edelstyn NMJ, Salgarello M, Lugoboni F, Tamburin S. Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Impulse Control Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of PET and SPECT Studies. Front Neurol. 2018;9:1018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.01018
Lee JY, Lee EK, Park SS, et al. Association of DRD3 and GRIN2B with impulse control and related behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Sep 15 2009;24(12):1803-1810. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22678
Blum K, Sheridan P, Wood R, et al. The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a determinant of reward deficiency syndrome. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE. 1996;89(396-400). https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900711
Seeman P. Parkinson's disease treatment may cause impulse-control disorder via dopamine D3 receptors. Synapse. Apr 2015;69(4):183-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.21805
Cormier-Dequaire F, Bekadar S, Anheim M, et al. Suggestive association between OPRM1 and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Dec 2018;33(12):1878-1886. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27519
Cilia R, Benfante R, Asselta R, et al. Tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 variants modulate severity and outcome of addictive behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Aug 2016;29:96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.05.017
Vallelunga A, Flaibani R, Formento-Dojot P, Biundo R, Facchini S, Antonini A. Role of genetic polymorphisms of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. May 2012;18(4):397-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.019
Zainal Abidin S, Tan EL, Chan SC, et al. DRD and GRIN2B polymorphisms and their association with the development of impulse control behaviour among Malaysian Parkinson's disease patients. BMC Neurol. 2015;15:59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-015-0316-2
Hoenicka J, Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Ponce G, et al. The addiction-related gene ANKK1 in Parkinsonian patients with impulse control disorder. Neurotox Res. Apr 2015;27(3):205-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-014-9504-x
Krishnamoorthy S, Rajan R, Banerjee M, et al. Dopamine D3 receptor Ser9Gly variant is associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Sep 2016;30:13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.06.005
Castro-Martinez XH, Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Martinez-Garcia C, et al. Behavioral addictions in early-onset Parkinson disease are associated with DRD3 variants. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jan 12 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.01.010
Lee JY, Jeon BS, Kim HJ, Park SS. Genetic variant of HTR2A associates with risk of impulse control and repetitive behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jan 2012;18(1):76-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.08.009
Charbogne P, Kieffer BL, Befort K. 15 years of genetic approaches in vivo for addiction research: Opioid receptor and peptide gene knockout in mouse models of drug abuse. Neuropharmacology. Jan 2014;76 Pt B:204-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.028
Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Opioid receptors: drivers to addiction? Nat Rev Neurosci. Aug 2018;19(8):499-514. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0028-x
Fontenelle LF, Oostermeijer S, Harrison BJ, Pantelis C, Yucel M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorders and drug addiction: common features and potential treatments. Drugs. May 7 2011;71(7):827-840. https://doi.org/10.2165/11591790-000000000-00000
Cho S, Kim K, Kim YJ, et al. Joint identification of multiple genetic variants via elastic-net variable selection in a genome-wide association analysis. Ann Hum Genet. Sep 01 2010;74(5):416-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00597.x
Ueki M, Tamiya G, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Smooth- Threshold Multivariate Genetic Prediction with Unbiased Model Selection. Genet Epidemiol. Apr 2016;40(3):233-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21958
Waldmann P, Meszaros G, Gredler B, Fuerst C, Solkner J. Evaluation of the lasso and the elastic net in genome-wide association studies. Front Genet. 2013;4:270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00270
Yi H, Breheny P, Imam N, Liu Y, Hoeschele I. Penalized multimarker vs. single-marker regression methods for genome-wide association studies of quantitative traits. Genetics. Jan 2015;199(1):205-222. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.167817
Smith KM, Xie SX, Weintraub D. Incident impulse control disorder symptoms and dopamine transporter imaging in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Nov 3 2015. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-311827
Bastiaens J, Dorfman BJ, Christos PJ, Nirenberg MJ. Prospective cohort study of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Mar 2013;28(3):327-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25291
Mamikonyan E, Siderowf AD, Duda JE, et al. Long-term follow-up of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Jan 2008;23(1):75-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21770
Siri C, Cilia R, Reali E, et al. Long-term cognitive follow-up of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders. Mov Disord. Apr 15 2015;30(5):696-704. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26160
Corvol JC, Artaud F, Cormier-Dequaire F, et al. Longitudinal analysis of impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease. Neurology. Jul 17 2018;91(3):e189-e201. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005816
Joutsa J, Martikainen K, Vahlberg T, Kaasinen V. Effects of dopamine agonist dose and gender on the prognosis of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Dec 2012;18(10):1079-1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.005
Zhang S, Dissanayaka NN, Dawson A, et al. Management of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Int Psychogeriatr. Oct 2016;28(10):1597-1614. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161021600096X
Papay K, Xie SX, Stern M, et al. Naltrexone for impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a placebo-controlled study. Neurology. Aug 26 2014;83(9):826-833. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000729
Kehagia AA, Housden CR, Regenthal R, et al. Targeting impulsivity in Parkinson's disease using atomoxetine. Brain. Jul 2014;137(Pt 7):1986- 1997. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu117
Ramirez-Zamora A, Gee L, Boyd J, Biller J. Treatment of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Practical considerations and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(4):389-399. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2016.1158103
Rosenberg KP, Feder LC. Behavioral Addictions - Criteria, Evidence and Treatment. San Diego, US: Academic Press; 2014.
Okai D, Askey-Jones S, Samuel M, David AS, Brown RG. Predictors of response to a cognitive behavioral intervention for impulse control behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. Apr 15 2015;30(5):736- 739. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26108
Okai D, Askey-Jones S, Samuel M, et al. Trial of CBT for impulse control behaviors affecting Parkinson patients and their caregivers. Neurology. Feb 2013;80(9):792-799. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182840678
Fahn S, Elton R. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden C, Calne D, et al, eds. Recent development in Parkinson's disease. Florham Park, NJ: MacMillan Health Care Information; 1987:153-163.
Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. May 1967;17(5):427-442. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.17.5.427
Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:382-389. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.134.4.382
Leentjens AF, Verhey FR, Lousberg R, Spitsbergen H, Wilmink FW. The validity of the Hamilton and Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scales as screening and diagnostic tools for depression in Parkinson's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15(7):644-649. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200007)15:7<644::AID-GPS167>3.0.CO;2-L
Schrag A, Barone P, Brown RG, et al. Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. Jun 15 2007;22(8):1077-1092. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21333
Suzuki A, Aoshima T, Fukasawa T, et al. A three-factor model of the MADRS in major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2005;21(2):95- 97. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20058
Cummings JL. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: assessing psychopathology in dementia patients. Neurology. May 1997;48(5 Suppl 6):S10-16. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.48.5_Suppl_6.10S
Murray JW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epsworth Sleepiness scale. SLEEP. 1991;14(6):540-545. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
Chaudhuri KR, Pal S, DiMarco A, et al. The Parkinson's disease sleep scale: a new instrument for assessing sleep and nocturnal disability in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Dec 2002;73(6):629-635. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.6.629
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
Benton AL, Hamsher KD. Multilingual Aphasia Examination. Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates; 1989.
Golden CJ, Freshwater SM. The Stroop Color and Word Test. Wood Dale, IL: The Stoelting Company; 1998.
Delis DC KJ, Ober BA. . CVLT-II. California Verbal Learning Test. Second Edition. Adult Version. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation: Harcourt Assessment, Inc; 2000.
Warrington EK, James M. The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery. Bury St Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Company; 1991.
Cohen P, Cohen J, Aiken LS, West SG. The Problem of Units and the Circumstance for POMP. Multivariate Behavioral Research. 1999;34(3):315-346. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3403_2
Moeller J. A word on standardization in longitudinal studies: don't. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01389
Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lees AJ. The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service. Brain. Apr 2002;125:861-870. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf080
Broeders M, de Bie RM, Velseboer DC, Speelman JD, Muslimovic D, Schmand B. Evolution of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology. Jul 23 2013;81(4):346-352. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829c5c86
Domellof ME, Ekman U, Forsgren L, Elgh E. Cognitive function in the early phase of Parkinson's disease, a five-year follow-up. Acta Neurol Scand. Aug 2015;132(2):79-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12375
Morrell CH, Brant LJ, Ferrucci L. Model choice can obscure results in longitudinal studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Feb 2009;64(2):215-222. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gln024
Perez-Lloret S, Rey MV, Fabre N, et al. Prevalence and pharmacological factors associated with impulse-control disorder symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. Nov-Dec 2012;35(6):261-265. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0b013e31826e6e6d
Valenca GT, Glass PG, Negreiros NN, et al. Past smoking and current dopamine agonist use show an independent and dose-dependent association with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. Jul 2013;19(7):698-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.03.004
Hinkle JT, Perepezko K, Rosenthal LS, et al. Markers of impaired motor and cognitive volition in Parkinson's disease: Correlates of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, impulse control disorder, and dyskinesias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. May 2 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.027
Castrioto A, Funkiewiez A, Debu B, et al. Iowa gambling task impairment in Parkinson's disease can be normalised by reduction of dopaminergic medication after subthalamic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. May 23 2014. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-307146
Piray P, Zeighami Y, Bahrami F, Eissa AM, Hewedi DH, Moustafa AA. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease are associated with dysfunction in stimulus valuation but not action valuation. J Neurosci. Jun 4 2014;34(23):7814-7824.https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4063-13.2014
Girard R, Obeso I, Thobois S, et al. Wait and you shall see: sexual delay discounting in hypersexual Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2018;In press. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy298
Castrioto A, Thobois S, Carnicella S, Maillet A, Krack P. Emotional manifestations of PD: Neurobiological basis. Mov Disord. Aug 2016;31(8):1103-1113. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26587
Blum K, Oscar-Berman M, Demetrovics Z, Barh D, Gold MS. Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): molecular neurogenetic evidence for predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Mol Neurobiol. Dec 2014;50(3):765-796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8726-5
Meyer GM, Spay C, Laurencin C, Ballanger B, Sescousse G, Boulinguez P. Functional imaging studies of Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's disease need a stronger neurocognitive footing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Jan 9 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.008
Published
February 29, 2020
Series
Categories
Copyright (c) 2020 The author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
